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Dogs and Demons: Tales from the Dark Side of Japan, by Alex Kerr
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A surprising assessment of the failures and successes of modern Japan.
In Dogs and Demons, Alex Kerr chronicles the many facets of Japan's recent, and chronic, crises -- from the failure of its banks and pension funds to the decline of its once magnificent modern cinema. He is the first to give a full report on the nation's endangered environment -- its seashores lined with concrete, its roads leading to nowhere in the mountains -- as well as its "monument frenzy," the destruction of old cities such as Kyoto and construction of drab new ones, and the attendant collapse of its tourist industry. Kerr writes with humor and passion, for "passion," he says, "is part of the story. Millions of Japanese feel as heartbroken at what is going on as I do. My Japanese friends tell me, 'Please write this -- for us.'"
- Sales Rank: #448532 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Hill and Wang
- Published on: 2002-02-10
- Released on: 2002-02-10
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.25" h x 1.21" w x 5.45" l, .89 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 320 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
From Publishers Weekly
Kerr (Lost Japan), a 35-year resident of Japan and the first foreigner to win that country's Shincho literary prize, contends that the Japanese miracle has become a Japanese mess. Once admired, and perhaps feared, for its spectacular economic successes, Japan, Kerr claims, has become a land of "ravaged mountains and rivers, endemic pollution, tenement cities, and skyrocketing debts." What happened? He says that ideology and bureaucracy are to blame. Japan is in effect managed by an autonomous and corrupt government bureaucracy, driven by an ethos of economic growth at any cost and a mania for control. Everywhere Japan's natural beauty is being destroyed by useless construction projects, as nature must be controlled and construction companies rewarded. The great ancient cities too representative of old, underdeveloped Japan are being replaced by monuments and hotels that are concrete monstrosities. Japan's banking system has failed, yet no one really knows the extent of the damage, as the bureaucracy keeps accurate information hidden. Meanwhile, the bureaucracy continues to pour money into older industries, while Japan falls dangerously behind in the development of new information technologies. There is popular discontent, but protest is hard to come by, because the bureaucratically controlled educational system emphasizes obedience above all else. Japan is stuck, concludes Kerr, and he sees no easy way out. While perhaps alarmist in his message, Kerr fascinates with detailed descriptions of Japan's dilemma and offers a surprising, if controversial, vision of a land in trouble.
Copyright 2001 Reed Business Information, Inc.
From Booklist
In what may prove to be a highly controversial book, Kerr argues that Japan is in big trouble: a self-destructive country that is systematically destroying its landscape, its environment, its very culture by adherence to ideas and policies that are decades out of date. The author describes land-preservation schemes that end up destroying the land; a national health program that's near collapse; an education system that values conformity over originality; money-eating government programs that no one can seem to stop. In 1994, Japan produced 91.6 million tons of concrete (30 times as much as the U.S.), much of it used to build structures that serve no purpose. In 1998, Japan's government spent $136 billion on public works, more than what it cost to build the Panama Canal. It's hard to know if Kerr hits the mark here, but he makes a strong case. Expect him to start showing up on talk shows soon, and when he does, the requests for this inflammatory position paper will begin to build. David Pitt
Copyright � American Library Association. All rights reserved
Review
“Keen insight into the unique causes and disastrous results of the once heralded 'Japan Model' of development . . . a must read.” ―Michael Judge, The Wall Street Journal
“Should be required reading for anyone who writes about or studies the Japanese economy . . . ” ―Eric Johnston, The Japan Times
Most helpful customer reviews
89 of 101 people found the following review helpful.
Informative, readable, but somewhat imbalanced in its views
By Nearly Nubile
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Given the slew of publications trying to deconstruct the socio-economic malaise of this mysterious little island, it seems almost de rigueur to have something negative to say about Japan and cite an example or two. Kerr's Dogs and Demons will equip you with a lot of such satisfying trivia. But where this book out stands out is in its focus on the vacuity of Japan's post-modern culture instead of the tired discussions about Japan-US trade frictions or the incompetence of domestic government and indigenous manufacturers. With a discussion that veers largely around the idiosynchratic construction industry in Japan (a key favorite among Japan bashers and perhaps deservedly so) Kerr argues that "culture" is the underlying source of Japan's malaise some hundred years after sociologist Max Weber first tried to explain away China's backwardness in a similar fashion.
As the author explains, "Dogs and Demons" (from a Chinese metaphor) paints the simple things of everyday life that the West has taken for granted (Dogs) but are seemingly difficult for Japan -- e.g., sign control, the planting and tending of trees, zoning, burial of electric wires, protection of historic neighborhoods, comfortable and attractive residential design, environmentally friendly resorts. The difficult things (Demons) are ostentatious and expensive surface statements, symbolic gestures rather than substantive commitments -- e.g., museums without artwork, monuments without honor, roads without destinations.�
Although somewhat wry, this is a well argued and a very readable tirade on what Kerr sees as Japan's dysfunctional value-system, a land fraught with contradictions and mis-spent opportunities -- "nature lovers" who concrete over their rivers and sea-shores, financial regulators who mismanage waning stock markets, technocrats who fail to warn against preventable disasters, and the world's largest creditor nation concealing a national debt approaching 150% of GDP. I found the keen observations and little-known facts that crop up along the way quite entertaining.
Some minor slip-ups are easily glossed over by the forgiving reader -- e.g., "The Prince of Egypt" was not from Disney but from Dreamworks. But sweeping generalizations are more troubling. For example, Mr. Kerr tells us "Japan is the world's only advanced country that does not bury telephone cables and electric lines." The idea is to show that Japan's city-planning lags behind practice in most Western cities. A little research will tell you that Tokyo's twenty three wards boast 90% of its transmission and 42% of its distribution cables buried under ground, while London only records about 43%. No mention also is made of the land here being earthquake prone which definitely has a big hand in the kind of construction that is undertaken.
In discussing how Japan's insular values have isolated its cinema, Mr. Kerr also declares that "there has never been a successful joint Western-Japanese or Asian-Japanese film, or any highly regarded Japanese film set in another country. But this is another example where hyperbole crowds out easily accessible information. "Tora! Tora! Tora!," a 1970 American and Japanese co-production that meticulously dramatizes the attack on Pearl Harbor, garnered an Academy Award for best visual effects in film and was voted one of the 10 best films of the year by the National Board of Review Awards. There have since been countless dubbed versions of anime movies (and I mean the Sen to Chihiro/Spirited Away genre) from Japan that have done well with international audiences. "Sukiyaki" (Ue o muite in Japanese) was among the several songs that garnered international recognition because of cross-border deals.
Indeed, the intriguing question that arises as one reads this book is if Mr. Kerr overdid his murky brush. It seems that for the longtime Japan resident and Oxford-educated businessman, it is not enough that Japan faces dire economic straits -- thanks in part to weak political institutions -- but the entire country has to be seen as "completely backwards, childish and incompetent". This tendency of thought is my main my gripe with this book and in fact with a lot of the current thinking on Japan, where "well-meaning" authors seeking to correct the faulty "Japan Inc." imagery of the past two decades counter with the opposite extreme.
Sooner or later, an astute reader is left wondering: How acceptable would a book portraying modern-day Argentina be if it only described "the culture" in terms of massive foreign-currency debts, supposed deforestation of the Amazon rainforest, AIDS, street children, authoritarianism, business fraud, polluted beaches and inland areas, male chauvinism, a patriarchal class system and latent racial discrimination? While each of these subjects offers us shades of the Argentinian mosaic, they hardly provide a full picture of the country.
So it is with "Dogs and Demons" -- a book that is definitely worth the buck (and I recommend it) because it is passionately entertaining and highly informative, but a slightly imbalanced read...
78 of 88 people found the following review helpful.
Japanese point of view....
By A H Kobayashi
The trouble with being Japanaese is that your fellow Japanese won't understand what 'constructive criticism' means. Sadly, when someone points out what is wrong with today's Japan, it usually comes from non-Japanese writers, and this is yet another case in point. This book disappoints anyone who seeks root causes of Japan's ills today. Kerr is actually quite nice to the Japanese people by saying that it is Japan's inflated and constipated bureaucracy that is slow to adjust to modern society. People on the streets are largely spared of criticism. In fact, they are silently fuming over the stupidity of contructing worthless monuments and stadiums (Kerr should have waited for World Cup 2002, as Japan built dozens of useless football stadiums in the middle of nowhere). As Japanese myself, however, I would love to read something more about ordinary Japanese people, from whom the bureaucrats are recruited.
On the whole, however, this book elegantly sums up the reality of frustratingly inept public services in the coutry. I even wondered in the middle of reading this book whether Kerr is actually Japanese. His rather condescending American tone can easily be that of a typical Japanese rhetoric, pointing out how things are better in the (advanced) western countries (therefore we must change things in order to 'catch up' etc. etc.). However, Kerr is American obviously, and his criticism of modern Japanese architects shows his personal love for ancient Japan. It is this personal taste that is largely offended by 'Modern Japan' - he doesn't explore the possibility that Japan may be in transition from sharp focused modernisation/westenisation to creating something entirely new out of hitherto poorly executed east-west cultural mix. Doesn't any country pass an ugly cultural phase in its history? A lack of this kind of discussion undermines this book, even though I personally agree with what he is saying.
In fact, I can think of a large number of Japanese individuals who would heartly welcome Kerr's arguement. What is unfortunate is that this book reads more or less like cheap Japanese journalism, bashing lazy and selfish civil servants, who hold real power in Japan. Kerr has apparantely gone native.
34 of 37 people found the following review helpful.
A Must Read
By edjacob
I have lived in Japan for seven years and thought that I was finished with the famous love, disillusionment and acceptance phases that people go through when they come to Japan, but after reading Dogs and Demons: Tales From the Dark Side of Japan, I have found myself back in the severely disillusioned stage. When I read about how the bureaucracies are purposely destroying the environment by pouring millions of tons of concrete every year and how the government continually lies to the people about how unsafe their nuclear reactors are and refuses to punish corporate criminals who have knowingly killed or sickened thousands of people it made me angrier than I have ever been since I came to Japan.
In Dogs and Demons, Alex Kerr has found the courage to say explicitly something that has been at the back of my mind for years but which I found difficult to admit to myself: that Japan has been turned into the ugliest country in the world; how it has become a concrete wasteland with some of the laxest environmental and health regulations in the developed world. Kerr is angry not because of Japan's problems, but because of it's leadership's bloody-minded refusal to admit that problems exist, let alone do something to fix them. When he talks about how the government purposely waited until most of the people in the famous Minamata lead poisoning case were dead before they agreed to pay out a measly $30-80 000 per person, and refused to prosecute the companies responsible; the appalling lack of safety regulations and punishments for corporate criminals; the way the country has purposely mutilated its environment and the house of cards that Japan's banking and financial sectors have become with unbelievable debts, unrivalled corruption, and insane business practices it's hard to accept that these things are actually true, but they are.
This is a painful book to read, and sometimes I felt like I didn't want to turn the page, because I was dreading what horror story would be on the next page, but then I realised that if I put the book down, I would be just as guilty as the people who are running the country. This may be one of the most important books every written about Japan and I consider it a must read for everyone who lives in this country, Japanese or foreign.
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